Antifriction and antiabrasive metal



Filed Aug. 1, 1927 Qwawntoi;

dhtoamq Patented May 28, 19 29:

UNITED STA- E3: PAT-Eur or-rlcs, f

- WILLIAM xonnnnn, or CLEVELAND, on'Io.-

. This invention relates to metallicarticles a characteristic markedanti-frictipn and anti-abrasiveproperties, and is particularly adaptedfor bearings, contact members and moving partsfor engines, generators,motors,

pumps, mills, machinery, railway and motor vehicles, etc. k

The invention comprlses as a base, a finely -divided flocculent metalpowder, or a mlxture of flocculent powders of two or more metals.

The flocculent metal. powders ma be mixedwith other metal powders,',orwit materials having lubricating properties in 'flake or has becomethoroughly intermatted and compressed to the desired degree, and theresulting product has acquired new mechanical properties, as comparedwith metal composi- .tion bearings and parts, as heretofore produced; iv

' Referring to the drawings, F'g. 1 is a perspective View of a bearingbushingembodying my invention, and

Fig. 2 is a highly magnified view of a crystal of flocculent coppersuitable for prac.

- tising the invention.

The 'flocculent metalpowder used as the base for this new product is acohesive material having new properties not possessed by powdered metalsas heretofore known or used in this art. This flocculent metalpowder-may be produced electro-chemically as hereinafter described andis characterized by a greater degree of homogeneity and capacity forcombining with other substances than powdered metal as. heretoforeknown. Its characteristics persist in any desired state of subdivision,the particles ofpowder being soft to the touch, and collectivelypossessing to a very high degree the quality of felting or self-mattingupon' compression. The individual particles are characterized, whenseen. under the microscope, by a feathery crystalline appearance. and adendritic filiform or arborcseent or radiating formation, variouslyshaped; and upon mternnnglmg,

powder form, such as graphite, mica, molyb- -to be substantially pure.

sodium may be'uti ized.

i 'anrrrmorron annm'rrannasrvn- METAL.

Application flled'August-l, 1927. Serial m. 210,005.

our-like mass, the particles'of which after suitable compression,intertwine and mat with each other so as to and rigid product.

A suitable process for the production of flocculent-metals for myimproved'product consists in subjecting to electrolysis commingledsolutions of any metal desired tobe deposited and a 'mctal of higherpositive nature, according to the electrmchemical series, subjecting thesolution to an electric current of a potential greater than thatrequired to deposit the metal having a higher positive nature, whereuponthe less positive metal will be deposited and remain on the cathode,notwithstanding the high electromotive force of the current..- Thedesired metal will be deposited in a finely dividedy' powdery state, andanalysisshows the n etal In carrying out my process above outlined,

I preferably provide an electrolytic bath having a conductive, inertcathode, an anode composed of a conductive inert material ,and amaterial capable of ionization, and an elec-- trolyte cgi 'rrying saltsof the two'metals in solution. For exam le, if it be desired to producecopper po dbl, salts of copper and It is evident that various metalssuitable for bearing purposes may be treated to put them into theflocculent form and utilized alone or in combination with other metals,likewise in flocculent form, with graphite and other antifrictionvmaterials, for the pur ose of making a wide variety of articles use ulin industry wherein the. coefiicient of friction between themandadjacent moving parts is a matter of any importance.

The following metals I have found may be produced in flocculent form,particularly adapted for bearings and parts of this kind, .viz: copper,iron, nickel, tin, zinc, antimon and lead; and the inventioncontemplates that theseandother suitable metals may be used eithersingly or combined in any desired proportions. a

The suitably molded and compressed prod-' not, either as a bearingblock, sleeve, drum or other desired shape, may, if desired, besubjected toa greater or less degree of heat treat- .ment, preferably ina reducing atmosphere, at a temperature which-will vary with'thecomposition of the product, but should not exceed the sweating point ofthe compositiomg collectively constitute a somewhat cohe sive ofmanufactur'e,Lof the kind which have as fl produce a tenacious I Theresultin'g product for some purposes; and depending upon itsporosity, besaturated with a lubricating material, such as paraflin,

beeswax,,'or other oily or grease-like material.

The .product obtained is strong, .ductile, and fibrous; it may berolled, drawn, ma-

I chimed, and further shaped by pressure.

' Under test for tensile'strength, ,a product suitable for use for abearing has withstooda tensile strain of twenty thousand pounds persquare inch and its resistance to scoring orselz ng under a moving load1s much superior to rolledor cast copper orbearmg a metal alloys. 4

.I claim:

1. As a new article ofmanufacture, an

anti-friction" and anti-abrasive metal composition molded to a desiredshape contain-' ling metal, particles characterized by' greatcohesiveness 'due to their dendritic structural formation and;self-matting properties.

2. As a"*new'art1cle of manufacture, an antl-friction and anti-abrasivemetal composition molded to a desired shape and density containing metalparticles characterized by great cohesiveness due to their dendriticstructural formation and self-mattingproperties'.

3. As .a new article of manufacture, an

- anti-friction and anti-abrasive metal composition molded to a desiredshape containing particles of suitable metals characterized by greatcohesiveness due to their dendritic structural formation andself-matting properties, compressed and heat treated to constitute atough, ductile homogeneous product.

4. As a new article of manufacture, an anti-friction and anti-abrasivemetal composition molded to a desired shape containing metal particlesmixed with lubricating material in powder or flake form, said metalparticles eing characterized by great cohesiveness due to theirdendritie structural formation and self-matting properties.

'tated crystalline formation,

' 52 A hearing com osed' -of comminuted metal the particles'o which havea highl orientated crystalline formation and a ford. anenormous expanseof fihform sui'-- face capable of'ready association and admixstructure,I and possessing great compressibility and aflinity for each other;

6. A bearing composedof comminuted metal the particles of which have ahighly orien afiord an enormous expanse of filiform surface capable ofready association "and admixture with similar particles of the samemetal or p'ar ticles of other metals having similarstructure, andpossessing great cohesiveness.

7. A' hearing composed of compressed con'iminuted arborescentcrystalline self matting metal'particles and a lubricating material in-1nt1mate admixture, the particles of metal presenting extensivestructural configuration and possessing great aflinity for each otherwhereby the product containing said particles is strong, ductile,non-disintegrating and self lubricatin 8. An anti-.Friction andanti-abrasive article composed of flocculent copper'and an-' WILLIAMKOEHLER.

'60 ture with similar particles of the same metal I or particles ofother metals having similar

